By Rana Danish Nisar Colonialism refers to the historical practice of one nation or a coalition of nations establishing and maintaining political and economic dominance over another nation or nations.  Taking control of these regions and using them for one’s own gain is…

By Rana Danish Nisar What follows is an analysis of how the transition from oil to data has impacted the structure of international politics. The cliché “data is the new oil” now represents the value of information as a result of its increasing…

By Rana Danish Nisar Modern technology has advanced to the point that we now have automatic weaponry, often known as killer robots or lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS). These weapons can find their target, lock on, and kill it or them without needing…

By Rana Danish Nisar The global geopolitical scenario has changed dramatically over the previous century. The era following World War II was characterized by the antagonism between two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union.  However, with the fall of the Soviet…

By Rana Danish Nisar Political polarization refers to the increasing divergence of political attitudes and beliefs among individuals or groups. This can manifest in a variety of ways, including differences in ideology, values, policy preferences, and voting behavior.  Polarization is often characterized by…

By Rana Danish Nisar Food warfare refers to the use of food as a tool for warfare or as a means of control. This can take many forms, such as destroying crops, contaminating food supplies, or using food as a weapon against enemy…

By Rana Danish Nisar Emotional warfare or psychological warfare refers to the manipulation of emotions and psychological states in order to influence the beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of individuals or groups. It is often used as a tool of propaganda or disinformation, and…

By Rana Danish Nisar Neuro-warfare refers to the use of techniques and technologies aimed at manipulating or disrupting the human nervous system and brain in order to gain a military advantage or to control populations.  This encompasses a wide range of techniques, including…

By Rana Danish Nisar Gray zone warfare refers to military or non-military activities that are below the threshold of open conflict but are still aimed at achieving strategic objectives.  These activities can include disinformation campaigns, cyber-attacks, economic pressure, covert operations, and hybrid warfare,…