By  Rajkumar Singh Environmental policy and globalization are intricately intertwined concepts that significantly influence each other in today’s interconnected world. Globalization, characterized by the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of economies, societies, and cultures, has both positive and negative impacts on environmental policy: a.…

By  Rajkumar Singh The Montreal Protocol, which is also known as the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, is a landmark international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be…

By Rajkumar Singh Transborder pollution is the pollution that originates in one country but can cause damage in another country’s environment, affecting air, water, or land across national borders.  This type of pollution poses significant challenges for international relations and environmental policy due…

By  Rajkumar Singh The “North” often refers to developed countries in the Northern Hemisphere, while the “South” typically are developing countries in the Southern Hemisphere.  The distinctions between the two often involve various aspects, such as,  policy approaches, commitments to international environmental agreements,…

By  Rajkumar Singh Technological innovation plays a critical role in addressing climate change by providing new solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving energy efficiency, and developing sustainable alternatives to fossil fuel-based systems.  The key innovations include: 1- Renewable Energy: Advances in solar,…

By Rajkumar Singh ‘Deforestation’ is the process of removing or clearing forests or stands of trees, converting the land to non-forest use. This can include the conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use.  The main causes of deforestation include agricultural expansion,…

Presentation of the book “Image and Reality of Changing Pakistan” by the author Dr. Rajkumar Singh. All things apart, continuous change is an essential nature of both individual as well as of society and when we apply this dictum in case of Pakistan,…

By Rajkumar Singh Religion has been a source of conflict and division throughout human history, with instances of religious tension and violence dating back thousands of years.  Some of the earliest recorded religious conflicts were religious wars fought between different groups in ancient civilizations,…